|
The Anarchy of the 12 Warlords〔(Anarchy of the 12 Warlords. )〕 ((ベトナム語:Loạn 12 sứ quân) or ''Loạn Thập nhị sứ quân''), also the Period of the 12 Warlords,〔(Period of the 12 Warlords. )〕 was a period of chaos and civil war in the history of Vietnam, from 966 to 968 during the Ngô Dynasty, due to a conflict of succession after the death of King Ngô Quyền. This period is also sometimes simply called the Twelve Warlords〔(Twelve Warlords. )〕 ((ベトナム語:Thập nhị sứ quân), Hán tự: 十二使君). ==History== According to the annals of ''Đại Việt sử lược'', Ngô Quyền became King of Tĩnh Hải quân (as Vietnam was called then) after defeating the Southern Han in 939 and declaring independence from centuries of Chinese rule. After King Ngô Quyền's death in 944, his brother-in-law Dương Tam Kha, who was to serve as regent to help the king's son Prince Ngô Xương Ngập succeed the reign, usurped the throne and proclaimed himself king under the title Dương Bình Vương, ruling from 944 to 950. As a result, Prince Ngô Xương Ngập fled and hid in the countryside. The prince's younger brother, Prince Ngô Xương Văn became the adopted son of Dương Tam Kha. Because of the illegitimate accession of Dương Tam Kha, many local lords rebelled by seizing power of their local government and creating conflicts with the Dương court. King Dương Tam Kha sent an army led by Prince Ngô Xương Văn to suppress the rebellion. However, with the army at his command, the prince turned back and defeated the king in 950. Rather than administering a harsh punishment, Ngô Xương Văn forgave Dương Tam Kha and demoted him to the title of lord. Ngô Xương Văn was then crowned king under the title Nam Tấn Vương, and sent envoys in search for his older brother. In 951, Ngô Xương Ngập returned and was crowned king under the title Thiên Sách Vương, and with his brother became a co-ruler of the country. Unfortunately the co-rule would be short-lived, when in 954, the elder brother King Ngô Xương Ngập died of illness. Despite the return of the legitimate heirs to the throne, the rebellions continued throughout the country. In 965, in an attempt to quell a rebellion, King Ngô Xương Văn was killed in Bố Hải Khẩu (now Thái Bình Province). Prince Ngô Xưong Xí, the son of King Ngô Xương Văn, inherited the throne, but could not maintain the reign. He retreated to the area of Bình Kiều and became a lord there. With the Ngô Dynasty having collapsed, the country was fractioned into 12 regions each administered by a lord, and the conflicts among them intensified into war as each sought to expand their rule over the entire country. Đinh Bộ Lĩnh, adopted son of Lord Trần Lãm who ruled the region of Bố Hải Khẩu, succeeded Lãm after his death. In 968, Lord Đinh Bộ Lĩnh suppressed the other 11 lords, thereby taking control over the country. In the same year, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh ascended the throne, proclaimed himself emperor under the title Đinh Tiên Hòang Đế, establishing the Đinh Dynasty, and renamed the country Đại Cồ Việt. He moved the capital to Hoa Lư (now modern-day Ninh Bình). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anarchy of the 12 Warlords」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|